img

Cyrtandra sandwicensis

(H.Lév.) H.St.John & Storey (1950)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 0.5–2.5 m tall.

Stems: Stems usually many-branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–8 nodes. Those leaves of a pair unequal, asymmetrical, broadly elliptic, elliptic, or occasionally ovate, 6.5–20 (–25) cm long, 3.2–8(–10) cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base asymmetrical, attenuate to cuneate. Upper surfaces moderately to sparsely appressed pilose; lower surfaces densely to occasionally moderately velvety short–pilose, the hairs whitish, blades chartaceous. Margins serrate to serrulate. Petioles (1.2–)2.5–9(–12.5) cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1(–3) arising in the leaf axils, densely pilose throughout, peduncles (0–)5–15 mm long, pedicels 7–15 mm long, elongating to 20–26 mm long in fruit, bracts linear-lanceolate, distinct or occasionally connate, 2–7 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, actinomorphic or nearly so, green when fresh, 7–12 mm long, cleft ca. 1⁄2 to occasionally as much as ⅔ its length, the lobes narrowly deltate, sometimes tardily separating, densely pilose, a few scattered hairs on the lobes within, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube cylindrical at first, becoming narrowly ellipsoid, flaring slightly at mouth, 8–14 mm long, ca.3–7 mm in diameter medially, the tube straight or curved, densely white pilose, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes reniform, 2–4 mm long, ca. 5–6 mm wide, lower lobes reniform–orbicular, 3–5 mm long, 5–6 mm. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous, becoming puberulent after anthesis, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 3 mm long, villous, glabrate with age; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid–ellipsoid; 0.8–1.5 cm long; puberulent; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.3–0.4 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy: 2n = 34*

Habitat: Occurring on moist slopes and in shaded gulch bottoms in disturbed mesic valleys; often with <i>Psidium</i> and <i>Aleurites</i>.

Elevation Range: 360–520 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 20: 85 (1950)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:777 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Tantalus, Pauoa Open weedy forest of Aleurites & Straussia. Preserved_Specimen Blades chartaceous above deep green, below whitish green, pubescense whitish subappressed, stems subquadrangular, calyx split at base by enlarging fruit, berries white, ellipsoid. St.John, H. 20363 Oahu BISH 1943-10-17
2 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Manoa Valley, Manoa Cliff Trail Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Bush 2 m tall, fls white. Fosberg, F.R. 9696 Oahu BISH 1933-07-15
3 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Ahupuaa of Waikiki, ili of Kalawahine. Southeastern Koolau mountains. Growing on cinder slope on small cliff with Peperomia latifolia, Crepidomanes draytonianum, Ceodes umbellifera, Psidium cattleianum, Cinnamomum burmanii, Bischofia javanica, Falcataria falcata, and others. Preserved_Specimen Large shrub with abundant fruit. Fruit taken to Lyon Arboretum for propagation. Thomas, M.K. 993 Oahu BISH 2025-02-12
4 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Pauoa Valley, E slopes, along trail to Tantalus flats Humid woods. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 204 Oahu BISH 1932-10-13
5 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Honolulu; Manoa Cliffs Trail Edge of steep windy slope, above trail Growing with Hedyotis acuminata, Dubautia plantaginea, Perrottetia sandwicensis, and Metrosideros tremuloides Preserved_Specimen 0.5-1.0 m tall; very highly branched shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 260 Oahu BISH 1984-07-28
6 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Honolulu; Pauoa Valley In a small dry watercourse draining from Tantalus Moist and shaded Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 181 Oahu BISH 1932-03-20
7 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Manoa Cliffs Trail, ca. 1 mi from beginning trail, in deep gulch and on slopes above trail In deep gulch and on slopes above trail. Growing with Cyrtandra grandiflora. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub ca. 2 m tall, densely soft pubescent. Wagner, W.L. 5485 Oahu BISH 1984-11-22
8 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Leeward Koolau Mts, Manoa Cliffs Trail, ca. 1 mi from start at head of small gulch beyond banana grove Preserved_Specimen Flowers white; corolla tubular when staminate, becoming enlarged medially when pistillate; pollen ca. 90% fertile. Wagner, W.L. 5509 Oahu BISH 1985-03-10
9 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Koolau Range, Pauoa Valley, along trail Tantalus flats Common in shade of trees. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 227 Oahu BISH 1932-12-15
10 Cyrtandra sandwicensis back of Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 81 Oahu BISH 1922-08-07
11 Cyrtandra sandwicensis [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 77 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
12 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Honolulu pali Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 637 Oahu BISH 1909-01-01
13 Cyrtandra sandwicensis [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 4 Oahu BISH 1910-01-01
14 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Pauoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2547 Oahu BISH 1919-03-17
15 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Honolulu; Tantalus Growing in grassy understory of guava forest, gently sloping boulder-strewn ground Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2483 Oahu BISH 1985-09-28
16 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Pauoa Valley, in small dry watercourse draining from Tantalus Moist and shaded. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 181 Oahu BISH 1932-12-15
17 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Oahu Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 1 Oahu BISH 1910-01-01
18 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1747 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
19 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Russell, P. Oahu BISH
20 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Koolau, Manoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 239 Oahu BISH 1922-08-18
21 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Manoa Valley, Cliff Trail Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13083 Oahu BISH 1917-12-01
22 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13084 Oahu BISH 1918-02-09
23 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Manoa Ridge Trail Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1954-04-17
24 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Shaw, G.W. 1456 Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
25 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Shaw, G.W. Oahu BISH 1911-01-01
26 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Pauoa Valley, in small dry watercourse draining from Tantalus Moist and shaded. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 181 Oahu BISH 1932-12-15
27 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Ridge back of Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 338 Oahu BISH 1920-03-21
28 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Honolulu; Tantalus Growing in grassy understory of guava forest, gently sloping boulder-strewn ground Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2483 Oahu BISH 1985-09-28
29 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Tantalus Shady hillside, under extensive canopy of Psidium guajava. Growing on boulder with Peperomia collection Koolau_318. Preserved_Specimen Highly branched 6-7' shrub growing on boulder. Takeuchi, W.N. 1745 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
30 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Manoa cliff trail. N-NW exposed gulch N-NW exposed gulch. Preserved_Specimen Many plants, 0.5-1.8 m tall. Kiehn, M. 920907111 Oahu BISH 1992-07-09
31 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Tantalus On cinder bank beneath tall Aleurites moluccana / Psidium guajava canopy. Preserved_Specimen 5' shrub branching at base. Takeuchi, W.N. 1751 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
32 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Near Pauoa On banks of intermittent streamcourse at. Preserved_Specimen 6-7' shurb. Takeuchi, W.N. 2159 Oahu BISH 1985-04-28
33 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Koolau Mts., Manoa Cliff trail, N-NW gulch Cestrum nocturnum Preserved_Specimen to 2 m shrub; flower and fruit white Kiehn, M. 94091011 Oahu BISH 1994-09-10
34 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Honolulu; Manoa Cliffs Near collection Koolau_250 On steep bank of sliding cinders, with Hedyotis acuminata, Diospyros ferrea var. sandwicensis, Antidesma platyphyllum, Hibiscus arnottianus, and Perrottetia sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen 2.1 m tall; individual of treelike habit, trunk 7-10 cm in diameter,very highly branched, with leaves clustered at branch tips Takeuchi, W.N. 253 Oahu BISH 1984-07-14
35 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Tantalus In guava forest, growing with Cyrtandra 2483. Preserved_Specimen 3' shrub. Takeuchi, W.N. Oahu BISH 1985-09-28
36 Cyrtandra sandwicensis Honolulu; Tantalus Trail on northeast side Moist wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 2-5 m tall, to 3 cm diameter; leaves spreading pubescent nearly throughout, capitate glandular pilosulous, glandular tip vanishing; blades chartaceous, green above beneath whitish green; flowers and fruit white St.John, H. 20253 Oahu BISH 1941-09-20
Back to Top